44. ¿Vale la pena invertir con apalancamiento?
Descripción del Episodio
En este episodio de Dinero Más Inteligente, Valeria Ovalle y Juan Carlos Herrera analizan una estrategia que puede aumentar el rendimiento esperado de una inversión, pero también llevar sus riesgos a otro nivel: el apalancamiento.
¿Cuándo tiene sentido invertir con dinero prestado y por qué la mayoría de las personas probablemente no necesita hacerlo?
A partir del ejemplo de una hipoteca, explican cómo la deuda permite controlar un activo con una cantidad menor de capital propio. Si su valor sube, las ganancias pueden multiplicarse; si baja, el inversionista puede perder todo su capital e incluso quedar debiendo dinero. La tasa de interés y el costo del financiamiento también forman parte de la ecuación.
La conversación traslada esta lógica a los mercados mediante cuentas con margen, ETFs apalancados, futuros y opciones.
También aborda la diferencia entre buscar mayores rendimientos con apalancamiento o mediante selección de acciones, así como el riesgo de utilizar instrumentos que replican dos, tres o hasta cuatro veces el movimiento diario de un índice. La crisis financiera de 2008 sirve como ejemplo de lo que puede suceder cuando el nivel de deuda es excesivo y el riesgo permanece oculto hasta que el mercado cambia.
Antes de considerar esta herramienta, Juan Carlos plantea una alternativa más sencilla: aumentar la proporción de renta variable dentro del portafolio, si el perfil y los objetivos lo permiten. La idea central: el apalancamiento no crea rendimientos adicionales sin costo; amplifica tanto el potencial de ganancia como la posibilidad de pérdida.
Las opiniones expresadas son personales y no representan la posición de GBM ni de ninguna institución. Este contenido tiene fines informativos y no constituye una recomendación de inversión o asesoría financiera.
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