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Louis XIV, el rey sol

Documentales Sonoros27 de febrero de 201442:57
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Luis XIV de Francia (francés: Louis XIV), llamado "El Rey Sol" (francés: Le Roi Soleil) o "Luis el Grande" (Saint-Germain en Laye, Francia, 5 de septiembre de 1638 – Versalles, Francia, 1 de septiembre de 1715), fue rey de Francia y de Navarra1 desde el 14 de mayo de 1643 hasta su muerte, con casi 77 años de edad y más de 72 de reinado. También fue copríncipe de Andorra (1643-1715) y conde rival de Barcelona durante la sublevación catalana (1643-1652) como Luis II. Luis XIV fue el primogénito y sucesor de Luis XIII y de Ana de Austria (hija del rey Felipe III de España). Incrementó el poder y la influencia francesa en Europa, combatiendo en tres grandes guerras: la Guerra de Holanda, la Guerra de los Nueve Años y la Guerra de Sucesión Española. La protección a las artes que ejerció el soberano Luis XIV fue otra faceta de su acción política. Los escritores Moliére y Racine, el músico Lully o el pintor Rigaud ensalzaron su gloria, como también las obras de arquitectos y escultores. El nuevo y fastuoso Palacio de Versalles, obra de Luis Le Vau, Charles Le Brun y André Le Notre, fue la culminación de esa política. Al trasladar allí la corte (1682), se alejó de la insalubridad y las intrigas de París, y pudo controlar mejor a la nobleza. Versalles fue el escenario perfecto para el despliegue de pompa y para la sacralización del soberano. Luis XIV, uno de los más destacados reyes de la historia francesa, consiguió crear un régimen absolutista y centralizado, hasta el punto que su reinado es considerado el prototipo de la monarquía absoluta en Europa. La frase «L'État, c'est moi» («El Estado soy yo») se le atribuye frecuentemente, aunque está considerada por los historiadores como una imprecisión histórica, ya que es más probable que dicha frase fuera forjada por sus enemigos políticos para resaltar la visión estereotipada del absolutismo político que Luis representaba, probablemente surgiendo de la cita "El bien del Estado constituye la Gloria del Rey", sacadas de sus Réflexions dur le métier de Roi (1679). En contraposición a esa cita apócrifa, Luis XIV dijo antes de morir: «Je m'en vais, mais l'État demeurera toujours» («Me marcho, pero el Estado siempre permanecerá»).

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