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William Shockley,el hombre que revolucionó la electrónica

Documentales Sonoros20 de diciembre de 201248:10
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En 1956, William Shockley creó Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory como una división de Beckman Instruments en Mountain View (California, EEUU). Sus intenciones eran desarrollar un nuevo tipo de diodo de 4 capas que pudiera trabajar más rápido y tuviera más usos que los transistores de la época. En un primer momento, intentó contratar a algunos de sus antiguos compañeros de Bell Labs, pero o no estaban dispuestos a trasladarse a la Costa Oeste o no querían trabajar con Shockley de nuevo. En su lugar, fundó el núcleo de una nueva compañía con los mejores y más brillantes licenciados recién salidos de las facultades de ingeniería. Sólo un año después, el equipo ya estaba cansado del comportamiento cada vez más extraño de Shockley. Entonces, un grupo de ocho ingenieros, Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Jean Hoerni, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce y Sheldon Roberts, conocidos posteriormente como 'los ocho traidores', decidieron que tenían razones suficientes para dimitir y lo hicieron. Buscando la forma de fundar su propio proyecto, se dirigieron a Fairchild Camera and Instruments, una empresa de Sherman Fairchild en el este de los EEUU y que contaba con un número considerable de contratos militares. En 1957, Fairchild Semiconductor inició su andadura con planes para fabricar transistores de silicio; se debe tener en cuenta que por aquel tiempo el germanio era todavía un material habitual en la producción de los mismos. El primer transistor pronto estuvo en el mercado y el primer lote de 100 fue vendido a IBM por 150 USD cada uno. Sin embargo, sólo dos años después, ya podían fabricar un circuito con cuatro transistores en la misma oblea de silicio, acababan de crear el primer circuito integrado de silicio (Jack Kilby, de Texas Instruments, había desarrollado y obtenido la patente de un circuito integrado de germanio el 12 de septiembre de 1958).

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